Parvovirus disease (Fifth's Disease)

What is Parvovirus?

Parvovirus is the cause of Fifth disease also known as Slapped Cheeks disease and Erythema Infectiousum.  Children develop bright red cheeks, which appear sunburned or "slapped".  They may also develop a flat, red rash with a lacy pattern on other body parts, especially the arms.  The rash is not painful and rarely itchy.  It generally lasts a few days but can come and go for weeks.  Children may experience a short bout of fever, body aches and headache seven to ten days before the rash appears.   Adults have more complaints of joint pain and arthritis.

How is Parvovirus or Fifth Disease spread?

This virus is most likely spread by oral/nasal secretions.  It spreads easily because once the characteristic rash appears, the patient is no longer contagious!  This illness is most prevalent during the spring months.

Can Parvovirus cause serious illnesses?

In general, parvovirus is a relatively mild illness.  Many people have had it without symptoms.  Some people can develop a form of arthritis.  The virus can interfere with red blood cell production.  Healthy kids tolerate this temporary slow down easily.  Children with diseases of red blood cell production, such as Sickle Cell disease can get very sick.  The fetus is also susceptible.

What about Parvovirus and pregnant women?

Over 50% of adults have had parvovirus in the past and you probably only get it one time.   Those working with groups of children would be in the highest risk groups.  If a women contracts parvovirus during pregnancy there is less than a 30% chance that the fetus would get the illness as well.  Parvovirus is hardest on the fetus during the first trimester and can fetal death in a very small number of cases.  There is no treatment for parvovirus other than supportive care.

What should a pregnant woman do if she is exposed?

Try not to worry.  There is a very small chance of problems arising.  Contact your OB about having a blood test for parvovirus.  If the test is positive, the OB may elect to follow the pregnancy more closely with frequent ultrasounds to check on the fetus.